AMCA International inmotion Magazine - Fall 2011 - (Page 18)

Figure 5: Applications where airﬂow can control smoke ﬂow. In this example, consider that airﬂow is used to keep smoke out of a store as shown in Figure 5(c), and the critical velocity is calculated at 166 fpm. This is less than 200 fpm, so the airﬂow method can be used. The opening between the store and the atrium is 10 ft high by 30 ft wide. The amount of air needed to keep smoke out of the store is (10 ft)(30 ft)(166 ft/min) = 50,000 cfm. The smoke exhaust needs to be increased by this airﬂow amount. Thus the smoke exhaust becomes 170,000 cfm. The total amount of air moved is 50,000 + 170,000 + 108,000 = 328,000 cfm. It should not be surprising that when building owners and architects learn about the impact of the airﬂow method, they often consider alternatives. Summary Atrium smoke control systems that use smoke exhaust fans are very common in the United States. Also fans can be used to provide makeup air to the atrium and to control smoke at various locations by the airﬂow method. The intent of atrium smoke exhaust systems is to maintain tenable conditions below the smoke layer. The smoke exhaust rate depends on the clear height, the heat release rate of the ﬁre, and the kind of smoke plume that forms above the ﬁre. 18 FA L L 2 0 1 1 Fan-powered makeup air systems are sized at 85% to 95% of the smoke exhaust ﬂow rate. Fan powered makeup air systems have the advantage that they can be much less susceptible to the wind than makeup air provided through openings. Airﬂow by itself can control smoke movement, but caution needs to be exercised concerning the potential catastrophic failure of supplying oxygen to the ﬁre. The airﬂow method can have a signiﬁcant impact on the amount of air moved by fans. References 1. NFPA. Standard for Smoke Management Systems in Malls, Atria and Large Spaces. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 2009. 2. Klote, J. H. and Milke, J. A. Principles of Smoke Management, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA. 2002. 3. Klote, J. H. and Evans, D. H. A Guide to Smoke Control in the 2006 IBC. International Code Council, Country Club Hills, IL. 2007. 4. McGrattan, K. B. et al. Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5) User’s Guide, NIST Special Publication 1019-5, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. 2008. A M C A I N T E R N AT I O N A L inmotion W W W. A M C A . O R G http://WWW.AMCA.ORG

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of AMCA International inmotion Magazine - Fall 2011

AMCA International inmotion Magazine - Fall 2011
President’s Message
News
Code Watch
Fan Efficiency Grades: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
Fans and Atrium Smoke Control
Fire Dampers and Smoke Dampers: The Difference is Important
Fan and Damper Guide Specs Update
Calendar

AMCA International inmotion Magazine - Fall 2011

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