MD Conference Express ICAAC 2011 - (Page 26)
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Kelly Aubart, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA, discussed GSK1322322, a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor that is in development for hospitalized CABP, acute bacterial skin, and skin structure infections. The new agent has good activity against grampositive pathogens, including those that infect the skin and soft tissue, as well as the respiratory tract. It is potent in vivo and in vitro against a range of pathogens, including MRSA. GSK1322322 was safe and well tolerated in Phase 1 studies. A Phase 2 study in skin and soft tissue infections has recently been completed [NCT01209078].
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Reproduced with permission from L. Eckert, MD.
A Critical Precaution – Immunizations in Reproductive Health
Written by Rita Buckley
The United States Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) currently recommends that women who will be pregnant during the influenza season receive inactivated influenza vaccine to reduce excess maternal mortality during influenza pandemics, offset physiological changes during pregnancy that may increase the morbidity of influenza infections, and reduce the risk of cardiopulmonary hospitalizations during the influenza season. Influenza vaccine that is given to pregnant women is 91.5% effective in preventing hospitalization of their infants for influenza in the first 6 months of life [Benowitz I et al. Clin Infect Dis 2010]. Rubella continues to be a significant disease burden. The goal of rubella vaccination is to prevent congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). According to Dr. Eckert, The Americas 2003–2008 campaign to eliminate CRS led to the vaccination of 250,000,000 adolescents and adults in 32 countries and reduced CRS cases by 98%—from 135,947 cases in 1998 to 2998 cases in 2006 [CastilloSolórzano C et al. JAMA 2009]. In the US, 10 women die of cervical cancer every day. However, worldwide, it is the second most common cause of cancer mortality, accounting for 240,000 deaths per year. Most victims are relatively young and poor women, often with dependent children. At least 15 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been associated with cervical cancer. Current vaccines confer type-specific immunity to HPV types 16 and 18, which account for 71% of cases of cervical cancer (Figure 2). In contrast, a vaccine that contains the seven most common HPV types would prevent about 87% of cervical cancers [Munoz N et al. Int J Cancer 2004]. ACIP recommendations for females aged 9 to 26 years call for immunization with quadrivalent or bivalent vaccine. The former protects against types 6, 11, 16, and 18,
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Vaccination is one of the most efficient and cost-effective ways to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. For women in their reproductive years, it serves two roles—primary prevention of disease and protection for infants. Linda O. Eckert, MD, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA, discussed vaccines and their recommended use in reproductive-age women. In the late 1980s, tetanus caused approximately 800,000 neonatal and 30,000 maternal deaths per year. Since the launch of a renewed global maternal-neonatal tetanus elimination program in 2000, there has been a 92% reduction in neonatal tetanus deaths between 1992 and 1998 (Figure 1). Pertussis cases in the United States (US) jumped from under 10,000 in 2000 to over 25,000 in 2003 [MMWR 2004 53:19]. Adults, including grandparent caretakers, were the suspected source of 56% of infant pertussis cases [Bisgard K et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004]. The tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (Tdap) vaccine is now licensed for use in adults aged 65 years and older and is also recommended, rather than tetanus, diphtheria (Td), for use in pregnant women, for those who are health care or child care providers, and in cases of high community incidence or wound prophylaxis [MMWR 2011;60(41):1424-1426].
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and cells; has a plasma half-life of approximately 7 hours; shows no significant effect against nACH receptors; and has been shown to be safe and well tolerated in Phase 1 studies [Still JG et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011]. In the recently completed Phase 2 trials, it has shown noninferiority to levofloxacin, with favorable safety and tolerability. Plans are underway for a Phase 3 oral trial and Phase 2 intravenous-oral trial in CABP in 2012.
Figure 1. Outcomes From a Global Campaign to Eliminate Neonatal Tetanus.
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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of MD Conference Express ICAAC 2011
MD Conference Express ICAAC 2011
Contents
Infectious Disease Genomics
Emerging Resistance Among Gram-Negative Pathogens
Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy In Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Combination Therapy with Flucytosine Improves Survival in AIDS-Related Cryptococcal Meningitis
CXA-201 Effective Against Common ICU Pathogens
Tigecycline Plus Standard Therapy Is More Effective For Treating Infections in Febrile Neutropenic Cancer Patients
Interventions Aimed at Reducing MRSA BSIs Led to Decreased Rates of Nosocomial MSSA BSIs
Is the Effectiveness of aP Vaccine in Pre-Adolescents Insufficient?
TMC435 Effective in the Treatment of HCV Genotype 1 Infection
HIV
Vaccines
Antibiotic Resistance
Drug Discovery
The Conundrum of MDR TB and Combination Therapy
New Drugs to Treat MDR Pathogens
Immunizations in Reproductive Health
Why Can’t Microbes Just Get Along?
The Role of Adjunctive Steroids in the Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis
Human and Animal Viruses Share “One World” and Emerging Zoonotic Infections Continue to Threaten
MD Conference Express ICAAC 2011
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